195 shaares
https://www.atlassian.com/fr/git/tutorials
https://git-scm.com/docs
TOC
| chapter | ||
|---|---|---|
| REFERENCE | - ADD | - MERGE |
| USED | - ARCHIVE | - PULL |
| URL | - BRANCH | - PUSH |
| VALUES | - CHECKOUT | - REMOTE |
| GPG | - CLONE | - REBASE |
| GITIGNORE | - COMMIT | - RESET |
| TRICKS | - FETCH | - STASH |
| CONFIG | - LOG | - SUBMODULE |
| - LOG | - SWITCH | |
| - LOG | - TAG |
USEFULL OPTIONS
git -C <path> <commands> # launch git commands in <path> repoREFERENCE
URL
https://<fqdn>/<user>/<project> # https://github.com/aguytech/Shaarli
git@<fqdn>:<user>/<project>.git # git@github.com:aguytech/Shaarli.git
VALUES
git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name --abbrev-ref @{upstream} # print value for upstream
git rev-parse --symbolic-full-name --abbrev-ref @{push} # print value for push
git for-each-ref --format='%(refname:short) <- %(upstream:short)' refs/heads # show all upstream
git for-each-ref --format='%(upstream:short)' "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" # idem
git for-each-ref --format='%(refname:short) <- %(push:short)' refs/heads # show all upstream
git for-each-ref --format='%(push:short)' "$(git symbolic-ref -q HEAD)" # idemUSED
ADD
git add -i / --interactive # add with interactively mode
git add -u / --update # Update the index for already referred files (just where it already has an entry matching <pathspec>
gi add -A / --all / --no-ignore-removal # add all filesARCHIVE
git archive -l # list available formats
git archive --format tar.gz -9 -o "$(git br --show-current).$(date +%s).tar.gz" <branch> # create an archive from local <branch> with best compression -9 & in format tar.gzBRANCH
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/11266478/git-add-remote-branch
list
git branch / git br # print list of local branches
git br -v # print informations about local branches
git br -vv # print full information about local branches
git branch -a -vv # print full information about all branches
git br --show-current # show name of current branch
git br -r # print list of remote branches for all repositories
git br -rlv <remote>/<pattern> # list remote branches for <remote> repository & with name matched <pattern>create
git br <branch> # create a local branch
git br <branch> <remote>/<remote_branch> # create local branch from remote
git push <upstream> <branch> # create remote branch from existing local onedelete
git br -d <branch> # delete local branch
git br -rd <remote>/<branch> # delete remote branchrename
# local
git br -m <old-branch> <new-branch># rename local branch
# remote
git br -m <old-branch> <new-branch># rename local branch
git push origin --delete <old-branch>
git push origin <new-branch>attach to upstream
git fetch # retrieves upsteram branches if already exists
git br -u <upstream>/<remote_branch> <branch> # attach a local branch to remote existing one
git br --set-upstream-to=<upstream>/<remote_branch> <branch>CHECKOUT
git co -b <branch> # create a branch from HEAD and switch to it
git co -t <repo>/<branch> -b <branch> # create a local branch from <repo>/<branch> and set upstream
git co --orphan=<branch> # create an orphan branch (whithout history)
git co --orphan=<branch> # create an orphan branch (whithout history)
git co --detach -b <branch> # check out a commit for inspection and discardable experimentsCLONE
git clone <url> # clone a repository
git clone <url> <path> # clone a repository and change path name to <path>
git clone -b <branch> <url> # clone only one branch from repository
git clone -b v0.11-snippets --single-branch --no-tags git@github.com:aguytech/Shaarli.git shaarli-snippets # clone from a repository a single branchCOMMIT
# amend
git commit --amend --no-edit # amends a commit without changing its commit message
git commit --amend -m "message" # amends a commit with a new messageDIFF
git diff <file> # view the changes you made relative to the index (staging area for the next commit)
git diff HEAD README.md <file> # view the changes between index and HEAD
git diff @{u} # view the changes between local and upstream branchFETCH
git fetch upstream : Get informations from upstream for all branches
git fetch upstream <branch> : Get informations from upstream only for the branch CONFIG
# amend
git config --global init.defaultBranch main # set main as the default branch
git config <variable> # show variable and his value
git config --global core.editor vim # set selected editor
git config -l # list all config variables
git config -l --show-origin # list all config variables with their origins
git config -l --name-only # list all names of system config variables
git config -l --local # list all config variables defined for user
git config -l --global # list all global config variables for global users
git config -l --system # list all system config variables for systemLOG
git log # show logs
git log HEAD~2 <repo>/<branch> # show after the last 2nd commits
git log -3 <repo>/<branch> # show only last 3 lines of logs
git log --pretty=format:'%h' -n1 <repo>/<branch> # show short sha of last commit
git log --name-only # with file names
git log --name-status # with file names with its status
git log --stat # with file names with its statisticals
git reflog # show logs with a reference (sha) viewMERGE
git merge -m "message" <branch> # merge branch with actual one with a message to committing
git merge --allow-unrelated-histories <branch> # allows to merge branch with no common historyPULL
If you tried a pull which resulted in complex conflicts and would want to start over, you can recover with git reset
git pull # Update actual local branch from current remote
git pull <remote> # Update actual local branch from a selected remote
git pull <remote> <branch> # Merge into the current branch the remote branch
<=>
git fetch origin
git merge origin/next
git pull --rebase # pull automatically last modifications on remote (with fetch + merge) & put your validation on head directlypull all submodules
git submodule foreach git pull
git submodule foreach git pull origin main
git submodule foreach 'git pull origin main || true' # for some submodules without updates"PUSH
-q, --quiet Suppress all output
-v, --verbose show details
--progress show progress status
git push --all | --branches # push all branches
git push --tags # push all tags
git push -u <upstream> <branch> # Update remote refs along with associated objects
git push -u <upstream> <branch> # set upstream for actual local branch & push it to remote (create one if needed)
git push --tags # push tags also
git push -d <upstream> <branch> # delete remote branch
git push -d <upstream> <tag> # delete remote tagREMOTE
git remote -v # show upstream
git remote add <name> <url> # add a remote source to repository
git remote add -t <branch> <name> <url> # add a remote source to repository only for the branch <branch>
git remote remove <name> # remove/delete the remote source <name>
git remote rename <name> <new_name> # rename a remote source
git remote set-branches <name> <branch1> <branch2> ... # change list of branches tracked by a remote
git remote set-url [--push] <name> <newurl> [<oldurl>] # manipulate push urls
git remote set-url [--add|--delete] <name> <url> # add or delete url
git remote show # list all upstreams
git remote show <name> # show details for a upstreamREBASE
In the same branch
git co <branch> # put HEAD on branch
git rebase --onto <newcommit> <oldcommit> <HEADcommit> # rebase to <newcommit> with attached HEAD
git push --force-with-lease github HEAD:<branch>
git reset --soft <newcommit> # reset branch to <newcommit>
git co <branch> # put HEAD on branchAfter, informs others concerned developers to fetch and reset to the new HEAD
RESET
git reset --merge # resets the index and updates the files in the working tree that are different between <commit> and HEAD
git reset --hard <commit_sha> # reset branch to commit_sha, 'git reflog' is an better way to find commit_sha
git reset --hard HEAD~1SWITCH
TAG
git tag # List all tags
git show-ref --tags # List all tags with references
git tag -a -m "message" <tag> # Defines an unsigned, annoted tag
git tag -s "tag" -m "message" <tag> # Creates a signed tag with message (define the default key with git config --global user.signingkey before)
git tag -s <tag> -u <keyid> -m <message> <tag> # Creates a signed tag with a specified key user
git tag -d <tag> # Delete existing tags with the given names
git tag -v <tag> # Verify the GPG signature of the given tag names
git show-ref --tags # show sha commits with associated tag
git push --delete origin <tag> # delete tag in origin
# rename tag
git tag -d <old>
git push origin -d <old> | git push origin :old
git tag <new>
git push origin <new> | git push origin --tags
git pull --prune --tags # for coworkersSUBMODULE
add
git submodule add <url> <name> # Add submodule to actual repository in path <path>
git add .gitmodules <name> # Add new file and path to index
git commit -m "<name>: Add submodule <url> to /<name>" # Commit changesupdate
git submodule update --init --recursive <pathspec> # initialize and clone submodules within based on the provided <pathspec>remove
git rm --cached $pathsubmodule # delete main entry point in git
rm -rf .git/modules/$pathsubmodule # delete submodule from index
rm -rf $pathsubmodule # delete files of submodule- In file <repo>/.gitmodules, remove section for the corresponding submodule
git add .gitmodules # add modifications in .gitmodules file to index
git commit -m "Remove submodule $pathsubmodule"
git push <upstream> <branch> # git push github main # push branch to originclone repo & submodules
git clone --no-remote-submodules <url> <path> # clone repo whithout associated submodules
git clone <url> <path>
git clone --remote-submodules <url> <path> # clone will use the status of the submodule’s remote-tracking branch. After use 'git submodule init' and 'git submodule update'
git clone --recurse-submodules <url> <path> # clone repository and its all submodules recursively
git clone --recurse-submodules[=<pathspec>] <url> <path> # clone repository and its filtered submodules by pathspecSTASH
git stash # Stash the changes in a dirty working directory away
git stash push -m "message" # Stash with a message
git stash list # List all stahes
git stash apply stash@{<index>} # Apply a sepcific stash
git stash pop # Apply the last stash and delete it
git stash drop stash@{<index>} # Drop a specific stash
git stash clear # Delete all stashes
git stash branch <branchname> stash@{<index>} # create a branch from a specific stashGPG
https://kamarada.github.io/en/2019/07/14/using-git-with-ssh-keys/
GITIGNORE
https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/saving-changes/gitignore
pattern
**/path # match directories anywhere in the repository, relative definition
*.pattern # matches zero or more characters
!pattern # mark to a pattern negates it
/pattern # matches files only in the repository root
path/ # appending a slash indicates the pattern is a directory
debug?.log # a question mark matches exactly one character
debug[0-9].log # Square brackets matches a single character from a specified range like [01] [a-z] [A-Z]
debug[!01].log # an exclamation mark matches any character except one from the specified set
logs/**/debug.log # a double asterisk matches zero or more directories like logs/*day/debug.logexample
*.ba[kt]
*~
!myfile.a # include file in repo
tmp/ # exclude all files in directory tmp
head/**/*.tmp # exclude all files *.tmp in subdirectory of headTRICKS
export LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI=qemu:///system # for virsh autoconnection
pth=/vms/virt
domain=cuckoo-1804
newdomain=cuckoo-1804-clone
pthdisk=$pth/${domain}.qcow2
pthnewdisk=$pth/${domain}-clone.qcow2
pthtmp=/vms/share/${domain}-${date +%s}
lssnapshot=$(virsh snapshot-list $domain --name)
[ -d ${pthtmp} ] || mkdir -p ${pthtmp}
# dump snapshots
for snapshot in ${lssnapshot}; do
virsh snapshot-dumpxml --domain ${domain} ${snapshot} > ${pthtmp}/${domain}_${snapshot}.xml
done
# create a volatily image
sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 ${pthnewdisk} 100M
# clone domain
virt-clone --original ${domain} --name ${newdomain} --file ${pthnewdisk} --preserve-data
# restore snapshots to empty disk
for snapshot in ${lssnapshot}; do
virsh snapshot-create ${newdomain} --xmlfile ${pthtmp}/${domain}_${snapshot}.xml --atomic
done
# verify snapshots list
echo "- domain snapshots:"
virsh snapshot-list ${newdomain}
# full copy disk / qemu-img convert loses snapshots
sudo cp -a ${pthdisk} ${pthnewdisk}
# verify image snapshots list
echo "- disk snapshots:"
qemu-img snapshot -l ${pthnewdisk}
echo "Launch domain ${newdomain} in virt-manager (restart virt-manager)MASTER
echo -e -n "Give the domain name: " && read domain
echo -e -n "Give the path of pool (/vms/virt) : " && read pth_pool
pth_pool=${pth_pool:-/vms/virt}
echo -e -n "Give the path of disk ($pth_pool/${domain}.qcow2) : " && read pth_disk
pth_disk=${pth_disk:-$pth_pool/${domain}.qcow2}
pth_pool=/vms/virt
domain=cuckoo-1804
pth_disk=$pth_pool/${domain}.qcow2
sdate=$(date +%s)
pth_xml=/vms/share/${domain}-${sdate}
export LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI=qemu:///system # for virsh autoconnection
[ -d ${pth_xml} ] || mkdir -p ${pth_xml}
# dumps
echo "> ${domain}"
virsh dumpxml ${domain} > ${pth_xml}/${domain}.xml
for snapshot in $(virsh snapshot-list $domain --name); do
echo " ${snapshot}"
virsh snapshot-dumpxml --domain ${domain} ${snapshot} > ${pth_xml}/${domain}_${snapshot}.xml
done
pth=/tmp/${domain}::${sdate}.tar.gz
cd ${pth_xml}
tar czf ${pth} *
echo -e "\nPlease copy this files to slave:"
echo ${pth}
echo ${pth_disk}SECOND
echo -e -n "Give the path of snapshots compressed files: " && read pth_tgz
echo -e -n "Give the path of copied disk: " && read pth_disk
echo -e -n "Give the path of pool (/vms/virt) : " && read pth_pool
pth_pool=${pth_pool:-/vms/virt}
export LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI=qemu:///system # for virsh autoconnection
domain=${pth_tgz##*/}; domain=${name%::*}
sdate=${pth_tgz##*::}; sdate=${sdate%%.*}
pth_disk=${pth_pool}/${domain}.qcow2
pth_xml=/vms/share/${domain}-${sdate}
[ -d "${pth_xml}" ] || mkdir -p "${pth_xml}"
tar xzf ${pth_tgz} -C "${pth_xml}"
# create a volatily image
sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 ${pth_disk} 100M
# define domain
virsh define ${pth_xml}/${domain}.xml
virt-clone --original ${domain} --name ${domain} --file ${pth_disk} --preserve-data
# restore snapshots to empty disk
for snapshot in ${lssnapshot}; do
virsh snapshot-create ${domain} --xmlfile ${pth_tmp}/${domain}_${snapshot}.xml --atomic
done
# verify snapshots list
echo "- domain snapshots:"
virsh snapshot-list ${domain}
# full copy disk / qemu-img convert loses snapshots
if ! [ "${pth_disk%%/*}" = /vms/virt ]; then
echo "copy disk from '${pth_disk}' to '/vms/virt/${pth_disk##*/}'"
sudo cp -a ${pth_disk} ${pth_disk}
fi
# verify image snapshots list
echo "- disk snapshots:"
qemu-img snapshot -l ${pth_disk}
echo "Launch domain ${domain} in virt-manager (restart virt-manager)/etc/libvirt/qemu/: path of xml domain files
connect
export LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI=qemu:///system # to use sumply virsh <command>
virsh -c qemu:///system # enter in virsh console
virsh -c qemu:///system <command> # execute only a virsh command (needed for dumping to file)help
help # list all commands with a one line description
help <command> # show complete description & optionsdomains
monitor
domblkerror # Show errors on block devices
domblkinfo # domain block device size information
domblklist # list all domain blocks
--inactive # get inactive rather than running configuration
--details # additionally display the type and device value
domblkstat # get device block stats for a domain
domcontrol # domain control interface state
domif-getlink # get link state of a virtual interface
domifaddr # Get network interfaces' addresses for a running domain
domiflist # list all domain virtual interfaces
domifstat # get network interface stats for a domain
dominfo # domain information
dommemstat # get memory statistics for a domain
domstate # domain state
domstats # get statistics about one or multiple domains
domtime # domain time
list # list domains
--state-running
--inactive # list only all inactive domains
--state-shutoff
--all # list all domains
--with-snapshot # list domains with existing snapshot
--without-snapshot # list domains without a snapshot
--with-checkpoint # list domains with existing checkpoint
--without-checkpoint # list domains without a checkpointothers
attach-disk <domain> <source> <target> # attach-disk <domain> <source> <target>
--targetbus <string # target bus of disk device
--driver <string> # driver of disk device
--subdriver <string> # subdriver of disk device
--iothread <string> # IOThread to be used by supported device
--cache <string> # cache mode of disk device
--io <string> # io policy of disk device
--type <string> # target device type
--mode <string> # mode of device reading and writing
--sourcetype <string> # type of source (block|file|network)
--serial <string> # serial of disk device
--wwn <string> # wwn of disk device
--alias <string> # custom alias name of disk device
--rawio # needs rawio capability
--address <string> # address of disk device
--multifunction # use multifunction pci under specified address
--print-xml # print XML document rather than attach the disk
--source-protocol # <string> protocol used by disk device source
--source-host-name # <string> host name for source of disk device
--source-host-transport # <string> host transport for source of disk device
--source-host-socket <string> # host socket for source of disk device
--persistent # make live change persistent
--config # affect next boot
--live # affect running domain
--current # affect current domain
create <file> # create a domain from an XML file
--console # attach to console after creation
--paused # leave the guest paused after creation
--autodestroy # automatically destroy the guest when virsh disconnects
--pass-fds <string> # pass file descriptors N,M,... to the guest
--validate # validate the XML against the schema
--reset-nvram # re-initialize NVRAM from its pristine template
define <file> # define (but don't start) a domain from an XML file
--validate # validate the XML against the schema
detach-disk <domain> <target> # detach disk device (target is the device name in domain)
--persistent # make live change persistent (use to detach when the domain is inactive)
--config # affect next boot
--live # affect running domain
--current # affect current domain
--print-xml # print XML document rather than detach the disk
dumpxml <domain> # Output the domain information as an XML dump to stdout
--inactive # show inactive defined XML
--security-info # include security sensitive information in XML dump
--update-cpu # update guest CPU according to host CPU
--migratable # provide XML suitable for migrations
pool
# list
pool-list # list pools
--inactive # list inactive pools
--all # list inactive & active pools
--autostart # list pools with autostart enabled
--no-autostart # list pools with autostart disabled
--type <string> # only list pool of specified type(s) (if supported)
--details # display extended details for pools
--uuid # list UUID of active pools only
--name # list name of active pools only
# info
pool-info <pool> # storage pool information
# refresh
pool-refresh # refresh a poolvolume
# list
vol-list <pool> # list volumes from a pool
--details # display extended details for volumes
# info
vol-info <vol> <pool> # show storage volume informations
vol-info --pool <pool> <vol>
# clone
vol-clone --pool <pool> <vol> <clonevol> # Clone an existing volume within the parent pool
--prealloc-metadata # preallocate metadata (for qcow2 instead of full allocation)
--reflink # use btrfs COW lightweight copy
# delete
vol-delete --pool <pool> <vol> # delete a vol
--delete-snapshots # delete snapshots associated with volume (must be supported by storage driver)
# upload
vol-upload --pool <pool> <vol> <file> # upload (import) file contents to a volume
# dumpxml
vol-dumpxml --pool <pool> <vol> # output the vol information as an XML dump to stdout
virsh vol-dumpxml <vol> <pool> > <file> # dump into file
# wipeexport LIBVIRT_DEFAULT_URI=qemu:///system
vol-wipe --pool <pool> <vol> # wipe a vol. Ensure data previously on a volume is not accessible to future reads
--algorithm <string> # perform selected wiping algorithm (ex: zero, nnsa, dod, pfitzner7, pfitzner33, random)
# key
vol-key --pool <pool> <vol> # returns the volume key for a given volume name or path
# path
vol-path --pool <pool> <vol> # returns the volume path for a given volume name or key
--pool <string> # pool name or uuid
--offset <number> # volume offset to upload to
--length <number> # amount of data to upload
--sparse # preserve sparseness of volumebackup
# dumpxml
backup-dumpxml <domain> # Dump XML for an ongoing domain block backup job
# backup
backup-begin <domain> # Start a disk backup of a live domain. Use XML to start a full or incremental disk backup of a live domain, optionally creating a checkpoint
--backupxml <string> # domain backup XML
--checkpointxml <string> # domain checkpoint XML
--reuse-external # reuse files provided by callersnapshot
# list
snapshot-list <domain> # list all snapshots from a domain (domain name, id or uuid)
--tree # list snapshots in a tree
--current # limit list to children of current snapshot
--name # list snapshot names only
--parent # add a column showing parent snapshot
--roots # list only snapshots without parents
--leaves # list only snapshots without children
--no-leaves # list only snapshots that are not leaves (with children)
--metadata # list only snapshots that have metadata that would prevent undefine
--no-metadata # list only snapshots that have no metadata managed by libvirt
--internal # filter by internal snapshots
--external # filter by external snapshots
--from <snapshot> # limit list to children of given snapshot
--descendants --from <snapshot> # list all descendants from one snapshot
--descendants --current
# info
snapshot-info <domain> <snapshot> # show snapshot informations (domain name, id or uuid)
# revert
snapshot-revert <domain> [<snapshot>] # Revert a domain to a snapshot
--snapshotname <snapshot> snapshot name
--current # revert to current snapshot
--running # after reverting, change state to running
--paused # after reverting, change state to paused
--force # try harder on risky reverts
--reset-nvram # re-initialize NVRAM from its pristine template
# dumpxml
snapshot-dumpxml --domain <domain> <snapshot> # dump snapshot definition to stdout
--domain <domain> # domain name, id or uuid
--security-info include security sensitive information in XML dump
virsh snapshot-dumpxml --domain <domain> <snapshot> > <file> # dump into filetricks
dumpxml all domains
pthxml=/vms/virt/xml-$(date "+%Y%m%d")
# xml
! [ -d ${pthxml} ] && sudo mkdir -p ${pthxml} && sudo chown 1000:1000 ${pthxml}
echo "--> ${pthxml}"
for domain in $(virsh list --all --name); do
echo "> ${domain}"
virsh dumpxml ${domain} > ${pthxml}/${domain}.xml
for snapshot in $(virsh snapshot-list $domain --name); do
echo " ${snapshot}"
virsh snapshot-dumpxml --domain ${domain} ${snapshot} > ${pthxml}/${domain}:${snapshot}.xml
done
doneexport all domains & insternal snapshots to appliances
pthpool=/vms/virt
pthapl=${pthpool}/appliances
pthxml=${pthpool}/xml-$(date "+%Y%m%d")
which pigz || { echo "Install pigz"; exit; }
cd ${pthpool} || { echo "Unable to enter in ${pthpool}"; exit; }
for pth in ${pthxml} ${pthxml}; do sudo mkdir -p ${pth} && sudo chown 1000:1000 ${pth}; done
for domain in $(virsh list --all --name); do
echo "> ${domain}"
virsh dumpxml ${domain} > ${pthxml}/${domain}.xml
for snapshot in $(virsh snapshot-list $domain --name); do
echo " ${snapshot}"
virsh snapshot-dumpxml --domain ${domain} ${snapshot} > ${pthxml}/${domain}:${snapshot}.xml
done
file=${pthapl##*/}/${domain}-$(date "+%Y%m%d").tar.gz
echo ">>> ${file}"
tar -cI pigz -f ${file} ${domain}.qcow2 ${pthxml##*/}/${domain}.xml ${pthxml##*/}/${domain}:*.xml
done
sudo chown 1000:1000 -R ${pthapl}clone domain with internal snapshots
See: virsh - migrate
migrates domain to another host with internal snapshots
See: virsh - clone
Ubuntu
extract deb files
file=mudita24_1.0.3+svn13-7build3_amd64.deb
pth=${file%\.*}
mkdir -p ${pth}/data && ar x --output=${pth} ${file}
tar -xf ${pth}/data.tar.zst -C ${pth}/data
tree ${pth}/data # to view contentsCommands
dconf list /<path>[:]/
dconf read /<path>[:]/<key>
dconf write /<path>[:]/<key> "<value> <value> ..."
dconf dump /<path>[:]/ > <file>
dconf load /<path>[:]/ < <file>Tricks
profiles
# list
dconf list /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/ # list all profiles
dconf list /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/:1d5ff56e-96be-4d97-84c1-99a625d4054e/ # list all keys
# keys/values
dconf read /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/:1d5ff56e-96be-4d97-84c1-99a625d4054e/background-color # read values for key background-color
# dump profiles
dconf load /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/ > <file> # dump gnome-terminal profiles
dconf dump /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/nikita/ > <file> # dump gnome-terminal profile for user nikita
# load profiles
dconf load /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/ < <file> # load all profiles
dconf load /org/gnome/terminal/legacy/profiles:/<profil>/ < <file> # load a user profilescreensaver
dconf write /org/gnome/desktop/screensaver/lock-delay "uint32 3600" # set delaying screensaver to 3600sInstall
https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/installation.html
manjaro
sudo pacman -S --needed python python-pipx
pipx install virtualenvUse
https://virtualenv.pypa.io/en/latest/cli_interface.html#creator
virtualenv <path> # create the virtual environment in <path>
virtualenv --creator <path> # create the virtual environment in <path> with specific creator like : cpython3-mac-brew, cpython3-mac-framework, cpython3-posix, cpython3-win, graalpy-posix, graalpy-win, pypy3-posix, pypy3-win, venv
<path>/bin/activate # activate the virtual environment
deactivate # deactivate the virtual environment
which python3 # to view the referred python pahUsefull
options
-graft-points Allow to use graft points for filenames
-J, -joliet Generate Joliet directory information
-o FILE, -output FILE Set output file name
-quiet Run quietly
-r, -rational-rock Generate rationalized Rock Ridge directory information
-R, -rock Generate Rock Ridge directory information
-root DIR Set root directory for all new files and directoriescommands
mkisofs -Jr -o <file> <path> <pat2h> ... # create an iso file from paths
mkisofs -Jr -o <file> -graft-points /<virtualpath1>=/<physicalpath1> /<virtualpath2>=/<physicalpath2> ... # create an iso file from paths with corresponding virtualpath=physicalpath# create an iso file 'desktop-install.iso' with virtual paths: /bs, /desktop-manjaro and /desktop-ubuntu
mkisofs -Jr -o /vms/iso/desktop-install.iso -graft-points /bs=/home/shared/repo/bs /desktop-manjaro=/home/shared/repo/desktop-manjaro /desktop-ubuntu=/home/shared/repo/desktop-ubuntu /desktop-debian=/home/shared/repo/desktop-debianlock/unlock
faillock
faillock --user nikita # show failed login
faillock --reset --user nikita # reset the number of failed login. Allow to login after pam restrict access for example "too many tries"passwd
passwd --status # show status of user <user>
passwd -S <user>
passwd --lock <user> # lock user <user>
passwd -l <user>
passwd --unlock <user> # unlock user <user>
passwd -u <user>usermod
usermod --lock <user> # lock user <user>
usermod -L <user>
usermod --unlock <user> # unlock user <user>
usermod -U <user>TRICKS
create a local git repository and publish it to github
- create the repo on github
- on local repo:
cd <my_local_repo> git init echo "# <my_local_repo>" >> README.md git commit -m "first commit: Initialize repo" git co main git remote add [-t <branch>] -m main [--mirror=(fetch|push)] <name> <URL> # git remote add -m main github git@github.com:aguytech/docker_alpine-alias.git git remote -v git push -u <name> main # for only main git push --all -u <name> main # for all branches # git push -u github main
connection with ssh
- import public key to github
- test
ssh -T -i $private_key_file git@github.com # test ssh connection ssh -T -i $private_key_file -p 443 git@ssh.github.com # test ssh connection over https ssh-add $private_key_file # avoids the repeated entry of secret phrases - set the default key
git config --global user.signingkey $privaye_key_file # for ssh - test with git command
GIT_SSH_COMMAND="ssh -i $privaye_key_file -vvv" git pull
change remote url for remote existing repository
git remote -v # print https://github.com/user/project
git remote set-url origin git@github.com:user/project.git # change the connection url to use ssh
git remote -v # print git@github.com:user/project.gitdelete tags
git tag -d [tag];
git push origin :[tag]git tag -d [tag]
git push origin :refs/tags/[tag]create orphan repo from another
Create origin to remote server
repo_local="shaarli-snippets"
tmp_branch="dev"
origin="github"
url_origin="git@github.com:aguytech/Shaarli-snippets.git"
upstream="shaarli"
url_upstream="git@github.com:aguytech/Shaarli.git"
upstream_branch="v0.11-snippets" # remote branch to track
mkdir -p "$repo_local"
cd "$repo_local"
git init
# remote
git remote add "$origin" "$url_origin"
git remote add -t "$upstream_branch" "$upstream" "$url_upstream"
git remote -v
git config --get-regexp '^remote'
# upstream
git fetch "$upstream"
git co --orphan="$tmp_branch" "$upstream"/"$upstream_branch"
git st
git ci -m "Initialize branch from $upstream/$upstream_branch $(git log --pretty=format:'%h' -n 1 "$upstream"/"$upstream_branch")"
# origin
git push --set-upstream "$origin" "$tmp_branch"
git co -b master
git push --set-upstream "$origin" master
git br -vv
git br -rlv github/*
# archive
git archive --format tar.gz -9 -o "master.$(date +%s).tar.gz" masterssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "comment" # generate a keys pair with protocol ed25519 (better than rsa)Dockerfile
...
COPY ./.rc /root/
...
ENV ENV="/root/.rc"
ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/sh"]
...config.json
{
"auths": {},
"credsStore": "desktop",
"currentContext": "default",
"detachKeys": "ctrl-x,x"
}dockerfile
docker build -t <name>:<tag> <path_dockefile> # build from path with Dockerfile an imageimage
docker image ls # list all images in repo
docker images
docker images --filter "dangling=true" # list only "not labelled" images
docker images -f "label!=alpine" # list only "not labelled" images
docker images -f "reference=alpine" -f "before=alpine:latest" # list only "not labelled" images
#-f or --filter format is of "key=value"
# dangling (boolean - true or false)
# label (label=<key> or label=<key>=<value>)
# before (<image-name>[:<tag>], <image id> or <image@digest>)
# since (<image-name>[:<tag>], <image id> or <image@digest>)
# reference (pattern of an image reference)
docker image rm <image> .. # delete all docker images in repository
docker rmi $(docker images -f "dangling=true" -q) # delete "dangled" docker images
docker image rmi
docker image rm $(docker images -q) # delete all docker images in repository
docker image prune # delete all unused docker images by containers in repository
docker image tag source_image[:tag] target_image[:new_tag] # Create a tag target_image that refers to source_image
docker tag source_image[:tag] target_image[:new_tag] # Create a tag target_image that refers to source_imagecontainer
docker run -dit -p 8090:80 --name <container> <image> # run detached container with name
docker run --rm <image> # run ephemeral container & associated volumes
docker container attach <container> # Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
docker attach <container>
docker commit -a <author> -c <Dockerfile> -m <message> <container> [repository[:tag]] # Create a new image from a container's changesGet
- get URL from web page
https://docs.docker.com/desktop/release-notes/
url='https://desktop.docker.com/linux/main/amd64/209931/docker-desktop-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst?utm_source=docker&utm_medium=webreferral&utm_campaign=docs-driven-download-linux-amd64'
path=/home/.tmp/docker-desktop
mkdir -p ${path}
-----
curl ${url} | sudo tar xvf - --zstd -C ${path}
----- or
file=docker-desktop-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst
curl ${url} -O ${file}
tar xvf ${file} -C ${path}
-----Install
sudo cp -a ${path}/opt/* /opt/
sudo cp -a ${path}/usr/bin/* /usr/bin/
sudo cp -a ${path}/usr/lib/docker /usr/lib/
sudo cp -a ${path}/usr/lib/systemd/user/* /usr/lib/systemd/user/
sudo cp -a ${path}/usr/share/applications/* /usr/share/applications/Uninstall
paths="opt/docker-desktop
usr/bin/docker-credential-desktop
usr/lib/docker/
usr/lib/systemd/user/docker-desktop.service
usr/share/applications/docker-desktop-uri-handler.desktop
usr/share/applications/docker-desktop.desktop"
for path in ${paths}; do sudo rm -fR ${path}; done/var/lib/docker
docker info | grep 'Storage Driver' btrfs
btrfs subvolume create docker-zetar
echo "UUID=2732b516-0c65-4b4c-ac56-a9865132649d /home/nikita btrfs defaults,noatime,ssd,space_cache=v2,autodefrag,compress=zstd,subvol=/user-zetar 0 2"docker
su -
systemctl stop docker.service docker.socket
cp -a /var/lib/docker /var/lib/docker.bk
rm -fR /var/lib/docker/*
mount /var/lib/docker
systemctl daemon-reload
cp -a /var/lib/docker.bk/* /var/lib/docker/
# /etc/docker/daemon.json
path=/etc/docker
file="${path}/daemon.json"
[ -d ${path} ] || mkdir ${path}
[ -f ${file} ] || echo "{
}" > ${file}
if grep -q storage-driver ${file}; then
sed -i '/storage-driver/ s|"storage-driver.*"|"storage-driver": "btrfs"|' ${file}
else
sed -i '/}/i\ "storage-driver": "btrfs"' ${file}
fi
systemctl start docker.service docker.socket
systemctl status docker
docker info | grep 'Storage Driver' docker info | grep 'Storage Driver' MANJARO
Install
sudo pacman -Syu
sudo pacman -S dockerService
sudo systemctl start docker.service
sudo systemctl enable docker.service
sudo systemctl status dockerUser
sudo usermod -aG docker ${USER}
reboot--------------- UBUNTU
User
docker pull hello-world
docker run hello-worldBasic commands
docker images # list all images
docker container ls # list all containers
docker stats # CPU, RAM, and network usage of running images
docker network ls # show all available networksstart
log mimikatz.loglsadump
cd {$path_hive}
log c:\lsadump.log
lsadump::sam /system:SYSTEM /sam:SAM
exithivexsh
hivexsh [-options] [hivefile]
Provides a simple shell for navigating Windows Registry 'hive' files
options
-d # Enable lots of debug messages. If you find a Registry file that this program cannot parse, please enable this option and post the complete output and the Registry hive file in your bug report.
-f filename # Read commands from "filename" instead of stdin. To write a hivexsh script, use: #!/usr/bin/hivexsh -f
-u # Use heuristics to tolerate certain levels of corruption within hives. This is unsafe but may allow to export/merge valid keys/values in an othewise corrupted hive.
-w # If this option is given, then writes are allowed to the hive (see "commit" command below, and the discussion of modifying hives in "WRITING TO HIVE FILES" in hivex(3)). Important Note: Even if you specify this option, nothing is written to a hive unless you call the "commit" command. If you exit the shell without committing, all changes will be discarded. If this option is not given, then write commands are disabled.commands
add name # Add a subkey named "name" below the current node. The name may contain spaces and punctuation characters, and does not need to be quoted.
cd path # Change to the subkey "path". Use Windows-style backslashes to separate path elements, and start with a backslash in order to start from the root of the hive. For example:
close | unload # Close the currently loaded hive. If you modified the hive, all uncommitted writes are lost when you call this command (or if the shell exits). You have to call "commit" to write changes.
commit [newfile] # Commit changes to the hive. If the optional "newfile" parameter is supplied, then the hive is written to that file, else the original file is overwritten.
del # Delete the current node and everything beneath it. The current directory is moved up one level (as if you did "cd ..") after this command.
exit | quit # Exit the shell.
load hivefile # Load the binary hive named "hivefile". The currently loaded hive, if any, is closed. The current directory is changed back to the root node.
ls # List the subkeys of the current hive Registry key. Note this command does not take any arguments.
lsval [key] # List the (key, value) pairs of the current hive Registry key. If no argument is given then all pairs are displayed. If "key" is given, then the value of the named key is displayed. If "@" is given, then the value of the default key is displayed.
setval nrvals # This command replaces all (key, value) pairs at the current node with the values in subsequent input. "nrvals" is the number of values (ie. (key, value) pairs), and any existing values at this node are deleted. So "setval 0" just deletes any values at the current node.hivexget
hivexget hivefile PATH [NAME]
Get subkey from a Windows Registry binary "hive" file
example
hivexget ${path_hive}/SAM "SAM\Domains\Account\Users\000003E9" Vhivexml
hivexml [-dk] HIVE > FILE
Convert Windows Registry binary "hive" into XML
options
-d # Enable lots of debug messages. If you find a Registry file that this program cannot parse, please enable this option and post the complete output and the Registry file in your bug report.
-k # Keep going even if we find errors in the Registry file. This skips over any parts of the Registry that we cannot read.
-u # Use heuristics to tolerate certain levels of corruption within hives. This is unsafe but may allow to export/merge valid keys/values in an othewise corrupted hive.Install
sudo apt install -y libhivex-binhttps://helpmanual.io/man8/chntpw/
chntpw
chntpw [options] <samfile> [systemfile] [securityfile] [otherreghive] [...]
Utility to overwrite passwords of Windows systems
usage
chntpw -i $hiveoptions
-u username # Username or username ID (RID) to change. The default is 'Administrator'.
-l # List all users in the SAM database and exit.
-i # Interactive Menu system: list all users (as per -l option) and then ask for the user to change.
-e # Registry editor with limited capabilities (but it does include write support). For a slightly more powerful editor see reged
-d # Use buffer debugger instead (hex editor)
-L # Log all changed filenames to /tmp/changed. When this option is set the program automatically saves the changes in the hive files without rompting the user. Be careful when using the -L option as a root user in a multiuser system. The filename is fixed and this can be used by alicious users (dropping a symlink with the same name) to overwrite system files.
-N # Do not allocate more information, only allow the editing of existing values with same size.
-E # Do not expand the hive file (safe mode). commands
hive [<n>] # list loaded hives or switch to hive numer n
cd <key> # change current key
ls | dir [<key>] # show subkeys & values,
cat | type <value> # show key value
dpi <value> # show decoded DigitalProductId value
hex <value> # hexdump of value data
ck [<keyname>] # Show keys class data, if it has any
nk <keyname> # add key
dk <keyname> # delete key (must be empty)
ed <value> # Edit value
nv <type#> <valuename> # Add value
dv <valuename> # Delete value
delallv # Delete all values in current key
rdel <keyname> # Recursively delete key & subkeys
ek <filename> <prefix> <keyname> # export key to <filename> (Windows .reg file format)
debug # enter buffer hexeditor
st [<hexaddr>] # debug function: show struct info
q # quitreged
reged [options] -x<registryhivefile><prefixstring><key><output.reg>
reged [options] -I<registryhivefile><prefixstring><input.reg>
reged [options] -e<registryhivefile>
Utility to export/import and edit a Windows registry hives
usage
reged -x SYSTEM 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM' 'ControlSet001\Control\Lsa\Skew1' test.regmodes
-x <registryhivefile> <prefixstring> <key> <output.reg> # Xport. Where <prefixstring> for example is HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE <key> is key o dump (recursively), \ or \\ means all keys in hive. Only one .reg and one hive file supported at the same time
-I <registryhivefile> <prefixstring> <input.reg> # Import from .reg file. Where <prefixstring> for example is HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE. Only one .reg and one hive file supported at the same time
-e <registryhive> ... # Interactive edit one or more of registry filesoptions
-L # Log changed filenames to /tmp/changed, also auto-saves
-C # Auto-save (commit) changed hives without asking
-N # No allocate mode, only allow edit of existing values with same size
-E # No expand mode, do not expand hive file (safe mode)
-t # Debug trace of allocated blocks
-v # Some more verbose messagessampasswd
sampasswd [options] -uuser <samfile>
Reset passwords of users in the SAM user database
options
-r # Reset the user's password.
-a # Reset all the users. If this option is used there is no need to specify the next option.
-u <user> # User to change. The user value can be provided as a username, or a RID number in hexadecimal (if the username is preceded with '0x').
-l # Lists the users in the SAM database.
-H # Output human readable output. The program by default will print a parsable table unless this option is used.
-N # Do not allocate more information, only allow the editing of existing values with same size.
-E # Do not expand the hive file (safe mode).
-t # Print debug information of allocated blocks.
-v # Print verbose information and debug messages. ```Install
sudo apt install -y chntpw